Problems of skin diseases in the present-day world.

In unspecific, all diseases of the bark can be divided into a handful broad groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused by way of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most standard diseases of the fleece of any adulthood group. These register folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused via pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya interrupt trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused by divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Lingering communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the skin, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a fairly customary collection of coating diseases caused sooner than divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of decorticate diseases caused by an allergic incrustation answer to something. These tabulate allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused principally nearby changes in the apprehensive organization: itchy skin, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most regular long-lasting pelt disorder that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Chancroid, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Wordy connective concatenation condition characterized via lesions of connective conglomeration take in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disease, the solitary or main morphological peculiarity of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the scrape (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific redness of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa inveterate, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable crust disease, manifested near a variety of pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of strip appendages (sebaceous glands, tresses and nails) allow for seborrhea, and the complaint developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hull constitute a contravention of its pigmentation, mostly caused by disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal stall carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus steam +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the true semblance of advanced boils at exceptional stages of condition in remarkable parts of the body. So, the plague is defined as a long-lasting relapsing fomenting process.
The most customary sites of localization boils are the clock (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain almost always develops on areas of derma trauma, on a par minutest, in the form of a apart blurry, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the uniform as that of a one boils (coating contamination, scratches, undue drop of sweat and sebaceous glands, etc.), as fount as the weakening of the safe eminence (defect in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency state in appropriateness with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Quite again there are cases where furunculosis is a complication of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Sole boils develop as lone: on the coating profound painful pustule appears bright red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the prepare of evolution, it begins to extrude beyond everything the conical healthy shell, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the boil, accompanied past copious purulent necrotic mass. The development ends with scarring of the hearth.
The difference between take furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may degenerate the serene: fever may appear, the persistent complained of general weakness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Possible complications of the disorder regularly come out when it is localized on the head (semblance), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic irritation of the hardly hair follicles, which pool to cultivate a free provocative infiltrate. Usually develops as a result of the yet factors that boil (husk contamination, mayhem, immoderate emanating of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The sickness is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most frequent apartment of appearance formations - the repayment of the neck, shoulders, buttocks and debase back.
Since the inflammatory proceeding involves several hair follicles, the carbuncle, in discriminate to the chafe, a few necrotic cores. Swollen film is substantially swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In coequal, there is deterioration of run-of-the-mill acclimatize of the passive: there is a fever (temperature may rise to 40 degrees), vexation, nausea or vomiting, severe pain in the arse at the site of localization of irritation, the tolerant feels a habitual irresoluteness, harm of appetite.
After a certain period revealed an inflamed follicle, forming a handful openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering chancre face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a tempestuous star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a handful areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics approximately the localization of infection (in the early stages of advancement), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed past proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a assembly of diseases of the skin and its appendages (plaits and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of divers genera. They into a eloquent order quantity the mycoses.
Total the fungal diseases should prefer to identified a platoon of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a union of called profound mycoses. It also includes a body of psevdomikozov, agents which reside an intermediate position between fungi and bacteria.
The most shared skin diseases caused before fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These classify skin diseases eidermofitiya conclude rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most run-of-the-mill of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused around red trihofitonom, they can abuse not exclusive the hide of the feet and nails, and other sturdy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the phenomenon of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic order in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be big on sodden surfaces, in foul waters.
Less common keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting just the surface areas of the vein corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the grand keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the incrustation, nails and complete ridges observed in the candidiasis - a blight caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs past them in many ways, including the development of candidiasis is possible with irrational use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, unequalled to dysbacteriosis.
The arcane mycoses in Europe are rare - they are symbolic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when pelt microtraumas. On the skin, there are many bumps, knots, are prone to ulceration. The chance of unfathomable fungal infections is that they affect the deeper layers of decorticate, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and sedate bones and internal organs and often leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If stew over fungus is sometimes required surgery - move of out of sorts nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on particular types of accommodating papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the pattern of legate: vulgaris (common) are caused around pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative agent of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Established (vulgar) training are most often observed in minority and adolescence. They look like pimples flesh pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, curt fa‡ade, whose dimensions range from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most frequently they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Unmodified warts are organize first in children and young adults. They are a multiple round or egg-shaped papules color with a burnished to all appearances, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Usually located on the fa‡ade, neck, chest, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, lose atop the unchanging of healthy skin.
Plantar can occur at any age, they waken the materialization of micro a stop to extravagant sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is for the most part multiple, plane, stiff to the performance level with the formation of a uncivil surface. Some of them quickly agonizing, extremely those in the scope of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and represent the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried out on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted close appoint get in touch with (including fleshly) and through the use of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The disorder is more community in preschool children. In persons of mean and ramshackle period blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Every now the malady is accompanied sooner than HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an twisted hint of them.
The incubation period is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The plague is manifested by the appearance of the coating percipience of the virus in places, brilliant, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from individual mm to 1 cm in the center of the element detected a insult indentation. When you click on an matter from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The integer of emerged nodules may be original: solitary select most located on the face, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the incrustation and grouped into peewee pockets. In the victim of the virus into the body on account of sexual conjunction molluscum contagiosum often localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements tend to coalesce, transforming into a large tumor-like formations with harsh edges - the supposed "giant clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vaporize on their own, but the synchronous surfacing of new elements in the previously awkward areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Boil - a chronic illness of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized by the demeanour on the hide monomorphic rash. The eczema is a slow papules of diverse sizes that attend to to commingle into considerable pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the wink of an eye it is entire of the most common lasting diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not only the outside, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). In any event, this viewpoint is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories regarding the cradle of the disability: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased cell proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful arrangement) and others.
In psoriatic epidermis revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis on the nose sharply, typical of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses ground in the papillary dermis - the expansion of capillaries, the inflammatory infiltrate.
The advancement of the condition is characterized before a diversity of start: the ailment can start almost unperceived before the unwavering with the appearance of multiple papules and may explicit rapid spread of the incrustation interface scars. The infection is caused not later than the seasons: that being the case, the most ordinary "winter" sort with exacerbations during the emotionless available, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a half-bred breed of exacerbation which mount at any habits of year.
There are a sprinkling forms of the disease: psoriasis peasant exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - skin lesions of an fervid nature, resulting from actual impact on it. There are plain and allergic graze lesions.
The appearance of righteous dermatitis occurs when exposed to force stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), physical influence (maximum or dirty temperatures - a long or frostbite, dispersal, colourless emphasis, galvanizing up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing handle develops in the pelt at the instal is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the power and uncovering ease stimulus, as well as the properties of the fleece and the localization of frenzied lesions. There are three stages of the affliction: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the incrustation is constantly, you mightiness congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere manifestation occurs immediately after exposure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The lone exceptions are burns, frostbite, large areas of skin, a clinical picture that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are most often chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are present in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg hair dyes).
The clinical double of allergic form of the sickness is as follows: the flay reddens without the establishment of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or overcast purport, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical exact likeness of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark actually that the elementary affects the shell, not single on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. For pattern, the effects of an allergic compensation to on one's uppers quality ink can spread on the gutsiness, neck and even-tempered chest. Self-serving feelings of the passive is most instances characterized close to a undisguised itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the situation of skilled importance are changes in the tense system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the necessary to comb the skin. On the face of it, this view of distress, but in modified profile, which occurs when a chicken stimulation of cutaneous guts endings dependable for the duration of misery perception. Some scholars have identified in mortal skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the overlay;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a variety of pathological lesions of the nervous plan, digestive scheme, diseases of the endocrine essence (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malevolent diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a covey of scrape diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In definite pelt diseases, itching is their only clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly studied, but it is known that in its appearance involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized at near paroxysmal, his seizures most often crop up in the evening and unendingly time. Is intolerable character, so much a weighed down bark brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or indulge character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Distinguish the following subtypes of generalized itching: time-worn, high-altitude, solar (headlamp). An old fetter appears in the elderly (beyond 60) and is anticipated to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a height of all over 7000 m above perplexed above-board, it arises as a sequel of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is unpaid to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized pine is characterized at near little, it regularly occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching inveterate swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that surface in menopause. Continued actuality of itching can lead to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized coating ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod disturbance might, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a inveterate skin sickness of fomenting constitution, which is characterized before the show of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are prone to mergers and the formation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the skin (its seal, a disobeying of the assume).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: prolix and limited. Diffuse is an allergic feedback to the stimulus. It can cause unfruitful nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other continuing infections, as luxuriously as going disorders of the medial worked up plan, autonomic system, disorders of the endocrine nature (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The pre-eminent role in the event of this infection are disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. It can happen at any age.
The most important warning sign is the show of diffuse neurodermatitis papules faint pink, subjectively characterized past itching. Papules lean to merge into continuous lesions with subsequent lichenification of the skin. Such centers usually are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin develop on the facing, endorse and chest on the veneer appear pink erythema, with no unconfused boundaries and characterized past lightly made desquamation. The tenacious complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in trustworthy areas of the skin, itchy and very coruscating about a tough lamination, looks like polished. Because scratching can fasten pyococcus infection. The peel becomes monotonous, prospering gray.
The assiduous observed the following clinical symptoms: be in the arms of morpheus intrusion, appetency disadvantage, hypotension, Urticaria, soft spot, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The dogged becomes excitable, tearful, dialect mayhap lowering of band weight.
The contagion is characterized near a prolonged circuit with a analogous to of redness subsided during the summer months. As the case may be the gaining headway of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be due to an unfavorable line of the complaint, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects narrow areas of the excoriate, the most ordinary localization - back and side of the neck, the incrustation 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the little constitute are divided into three zones:
center, the main present of which is lichenification of the fell;
Abject - that area of ​​the pellicle, which rise shiny papular rash of tight appraise;
unessential, characterized via hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disability characterized beside enhanced trickle of the sebaceous glands, as admirably as changes in the chemical make-up of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical composition of sebum leads to the preventing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a conclusion, the healthy microflora of the skin is transformed into pathogenic. The commotion of secretion of sebaceous glands are usually caused by an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most habitually this occurs at the epoch of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration in all directions from flay appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by stopping of the option sebaceous secretion that occurs as a come to pass of enhanced keratinization.
The most iterative sites of localization are those seborrhea shell, where there are the greatest million of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, chest and back. There are three forms of it: a stiffish (obscure and clear), and wearying blended.
If there is a full flattering seal and reduced suppleness of the abrade, which becomes brownish-grayish color. At times a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo wrench doused of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands disguise a stupid congeries of tallow. The ringlets in this form of the disease mature churlish, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The liquid cultivate is characterized by fatty losneniem skin pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The locks of the perceptiveness look like oiled, are glued to solitary strands, they detected a corpulent bevy of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications produce folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea personal reduced excretion of wealthy, copious hint on the scalp and locks, horny scales. The scales arise, as a rule, or the unhurt head, or in the occipital-parietal sector, and they are without doubt separated and fall to the clothes. Hair becomes monotonous and brittle. In this genus of malady on the crust perform pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the ostensibly of many young scales - seboreidy.
The boring deportment of the affliction is accompanied by means of biased sensations: patients complain of a ambiance of tightening of the pelt, tingling, especially growing after washing with cold water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized around enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and moistureless incrustation on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of loaded was observed alone in the frontal and parietal regions.